particle classification
The Cytosense flow cytometer produces scanned profiles of forward scatter, sideward
scatter and one or more wavelengths of fluorescence for each individual particle. These
properties are parameterized generating a correlated set of quantified entities (numbers)
for each particle. With thousands of particles measured, a plain list of all those numbers
provides no insight. These numbers are visualized therefore in scatter 'dot' plots (viz. the
section on characterization). The cells of a uniform population show close groups of data
points (clusters) in such a dotplot. Differences in cell size, cell shape, pigment content
etc. cause a variance in the measured optical signals, showing up as the width of these
clusters. With mixed cultures a number of more or less separated clusters appear, each
representing a group with different morphology / optical properties.
The CytoClus data analysis program offers options to draw boxes or polygons around
these clusters in these dotplots to make a specific selection set for a target cluster. Such
a selection set is a collection of boundaries on the measured parameters, which means
that it is a morphological description. The discrimination power is increased if a cluster is
selected in more dotplots. Statistics for this and every other distinguishable group can be
generated (number of counts, averages and standard deviations etc.). The number of cells
counted in these selection sets is automatically converted to a cell concentration basing
on the measured amount of sample volume analyzed. If a one or more of such selection
sets are defined, CytoClus can be used to automatically calculate the contents of these
sets for a series of sample files in a particular directory. In this manner an overview of cell
concentrations and/or other properties can be obtained for a number of sample files as
measured in a certain experiment or monitoring interval.
The next step is to assign names of species to these selected groups (selection sets):
there is a cluster here, but what is it ? The microscope is generally of invaluable help to
construct the libraries. with the most effective method being to grow cultures and base
selection sets on results from measuring these cultures. Field samples rarely contain over
50 species however, and often many of these can be discriminated on the basis of the
scan shapes (silico-images) and the relative numbers (particles per ml). Existing
(libraries of) already labelled selection sets may give a good fit when representative for
the location and the season. A direct way is to image the individuals of a target group by
"imaging-in-flow" or by physical sorting. CytoSense instruments can be upgraded with
imaging-in-flow or sorting capabilities. Without such upgraded instruments, calibration
can be done well by microscopical analysis of one or a few samples in a series.
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Graph: Rodney Forster, CEFAS, Lowestoft UK
PDF brochures for download:
Data analysis
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